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The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and compare fetal, maternal and neonatal complications amongst women with GDM and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance in an urban Iranian population. In a prospective cohort study, universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus was performed for 1310 pregnant women who were referred from private clinics and community health care centers to Fatemiyeh Hospital in Shahrood City. Screening was performed with a 50g oral Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) with 130mg/dl cut-off point, then a diagnostic 100g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was done according to Carpenter and Coustan criteria. The incidence of GDM was 4.8%. There were differences in risk factors: age >30 years, family history of diabetes, obesity, previous macrosomia, glycosuria between the two groups (P<0.001). Women …