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To explore the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer under straw returning with decomposing microorganism inoculum in the area along Huaihe River. We compared the decomposition rate of the straw returned to the field and the yield and its component of rice among following four treatments: (1) straw returning with decomposing microorganism inoculum (initial C/N=105:1, CN105); (2) straw returning with decomposing microorganism inoculum and fertilized conventional N base fertilizer (C/N=24:1, CN24); (3) straw returning with decomposing microorganism inoculum and fertilized less N base fertilizer (C/N18:1, CN18); (4) straw returning with decomposing microorganism inoculum and fertilized more N base fertilizer (C/N=12 : 1, CN12). The results showed that: the amount of different nitrogen base fertilizer can significantly affect the decay promoting rate of culm. The decomposition rate of returning straw was …