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A significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from the manufacture of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers consumed in crop production processes. And the application of synthetic N fertilizers is recognized as the most important factor contributing to direct N₂O emissions from agricultural soils. Based on statistical data and relevant literature, the GHG emissions associated with synthetic N manufacture and fertilization for wheat and maize in different provinces and agricultural regions of China were quantitatively evaluated in the present study.

During the 2015–2017 period, the average application rates of synthetic N for wheat and maize in upland fields of China were 222 and 197 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. The total consumption of synthetic N on wheat and maize was 12.63 Mt year⁻¹. At the national scale, the GHG emissions associated with the manufacture of synthetic N fertilizers …