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High-entropy alloys are a class of materials that contain five or more elements in near-equiatomic proportions^,. Their unconventional compositions and chemical structures hold promise for achieving unprecedented combinations of mechanical properties^{, , , , –}. Rational design of such alloys hinges on an understanding of the composition–structure–property relationships in a near-infinite compositional space^,. Here we use atomic-resolution chemical mapping to reveal the element distribution of the widely studied face-centred cubic CrMnFeCoNi Cantor alloy and of a new face-centred cubic alloy, CrFeCoNiPd. In the Cantor alloy, the distribution of the five constituent elements is relatively random and uniform. By contrast, in the CrFeCoNiPd alloy, in which the palladium atoms have a markedly different atomic size and electronegativity from the other elements, the homogeneity decreases considerably; all five …