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Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in seven candidate genes for drought and heat tolerance identified in earlier studies were studied in 13 populations of Abies alba Mill. covering the eastern and southeastern half of the distribution range. Trees were planted in a provenance trial plot of the international experiment IUFRO 2005 in Hertník, Slovakia. In parallel, genotyped trees were also scored for physiological traits (PSII thermotolerance, chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics, partly gas exchange, assimilatory pigments, needle osmotic potential). For the detection of natural selection imprints, we used different methods: analysis of F_ST-outliers, testing of SNP–climate associations and SNP–phenotype associations. F_ST-outlier analysis revealed 2 SNPs with signals of selection. Moreover, three other SNPs showed significant association with latitude or bioclimatic variables; one of them (C/T polymorphism in a gene …