查看文章

Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. COX2 is released by cancerassociated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) cells, and cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). COX2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. COX2 mediated hypoxia within the TME along with its positive interactions with YAP1 and antiapoptotic mediators are all in favor of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. COX2 exerts most of the functions through its metabolite prostaglandin E2. In some and limited situations, COX2 may act as an antitumor enzyme. Multiple signals are contributed to the functions of …