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Young males (YMs) and especially young females (YFs) (age 15–24) in sub-Saharan Africa are at a higher risk of HIV infection compared to older adults. HIV testing of young individuals facilitates early identification of their ‘HIV+’ status, prompt ART initiation, and provision of male circumcision and PrEP. We hypothesise that youth-prioritised combination interventions could have substantial impact on HIV incidence among them and the wider adult population.

We constructed a mathematical model that represented HIV heterosexual transmission in Nyanza, Kenya and used local data to specify cross-generational sex, risk- and age-dependent behaviours, and school attendance. We estimated the impact of leveraging HIV testing and counselling for condom use among Nyanza youth, prompt ART initiation (at CD4≤ 350 cells/mm³) for those newly-found infected, and gender-specific interventions …