作者
Majd Zayzafoon
发表日期
2006/1/1
来源
Journal of cellular biochemistry
卷号
97
期号
1
页码范围
56-70
出版商
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
简介
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger responsible for controlling numerous cellular processes including fertilization, mitosis, neuronal transmission, contraction and relaxation of muscles, gene transcription, and cell death. At rest, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i is approximately 100 nM, but this level rises to 500–1,000 nM upon activation. In osteoblasts, the elevation of [Ca2+]i is a result of an increase in the release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum and/or extracellular Ca2+ influx through voltage gated Ca2+ channels. Many of the cellular effects of Ca2+ are mediated by the Ca2+ binding protein, calmodulin (CaM). Upon binding up to four calcium ions, CaM undergoes a conformational change, which enables it to bind to specific proteins eliciting a specific response. Calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) is a major target of the Ca2+/CaM second messenger system. Once bound to Ca2+/CaM, the …
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M Zayzafoon - Journal of cellular biochemistry, 2006