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Stratum ventilation with proper operation can energy-efficiently provide thermal comfort and good quality of inhaled air. Previous studies were mainly focused on stratum ventilation for cooling, with little attention on stratum ventilation for heating. Proper operation of stratum ventilation for heating is more complicated, with multiple ventilation operation parameters (i.e., the supply vane angle, supply airflow rate, and supply air temperature) non-linearly affecting multiple mutually conflicting criteria of the ventilation performance (i.e., thermal comfort, air quality, and energy efficiency). In this study, the operation of stratum ventilation for heating is optimized by using a multi-criteria decision-making technology, namely a technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). An experiment on stratum ventilation for heating a typical office is conducted. Based on experimentally validated Computational Fluid …