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The energy performance index is crucial for the energy-efficient design and operation of air distribution. Heat Removal Efficiency (HRE) is a widely used energy performance index, and Energy Utilization Coefficient (EUC) and Effectiveness of Heat Removal (EHR) are alternatives to HRE. This study justifies that these existing indices are unreasonable and incompetent as energy performance indices. This study also proposes a new index called Thermal Utilization Effectiveness (TUE) and verifies its efficacy as an energy performance index via theoretical analyses and experiments on stratum ventilation, displacement ventilation, and underfloor air distribution. EUC is not a suitable energy performance index since it does not consider the relative contributions of the occupied and unoccupied zones to the energy performance of air distribution. EHR cannot qualitatively distinguish the energy performance of air …