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The significance of ultraviolet‐B radiation (UVBR: 280–315 nm)–induced DNA damage as a stress factor for Arctic marine macrophytes was examined in the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen, 78°55.5′N, 11°56.0′E) in summer. UVBR penetration in the water column was monitored as accumulation of cyclobutane‐pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in bare DNA. This showed that UVBR transparency of the fjord was variable, with 1% depths ranging between 4 and 8 m. In addition, induction and repair kinetics of CPD were studied in several subtidal macrophytes obtained from the Kongsfjord (5–15 m). Surface exposure experiments demonstrated CPD accumulation in Palmaria palmata, Devaleraea ramentacea, Phycodrys rubens, Coccotylus truncatus and Odonthalia dentata. In artificial light, field collected material of P. palmata, D. ramentacea, P. rubens and Laminaria saccharina showed efficient CPD repair, with only 10% of the …