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FGF5 is expressed in the mesenchyme and skeletal muscle of developing and adult mouse limbs. However, the function of FGF5 during development of the limb and limb musculature is unknown. To elucidate the inherent participation of FGF5 during limb organogenesis, a retroviral delivery system (RCAS) was used to overexpress human FGF5 throughout developing hind limb of chicken embryos. Misexpression of the soluble growth factor severely inhibited the formation of mature myocytes. Limbs infected with RCASFGF5 contained smaller presumptive muscle masses as evidenced by a decrease in MyoD and myosin heavy chain expressing cells. In contrast, ectopic expression of FGF5 significantly stimulated proliferation and expansion of the tenascinexpressing, connectivetissue fibroblast lineage throughout the developing limb. Histological analysis demonstrated that the increase in tenascin …