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The precise mechanism by which PPARγ activation by thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improves insulin sensitivity is still unclear. Recent studies have focused on the role of adipocytokines in metabolic control and their regulation by TZDs. In this study, we compared the chronic effects of antihyperglycemic doses of the TZD rosiglitazone, the β3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL-35135, and the PPARα agonist Wy-14,643 on the mRNA expression of adipocytokines in WAT of db/db mice. Rosiglitazone treatment decreased adiponectin and resistin mRNA levels by 57 and 72%, respectively (P < 0.001), with no effect on the level of TNFα or RELMα transcripts. In comparison, Wy-14,643 reduced adiponectin transcript levels by 31% (P = 0.015) while BRL-35135 increased RELMα mRNA expression by 245% (P < 0.001) without effect on the other transcripts. Our results indicate that although a reduction in adiponectin and resistin …