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Objectives: To estimate the potential health gains, costs, and cost-effectiveness of a mandatory limit on industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) in the Nigerian food supply.

Methods: We used Markov cohort models to estimate the effect on ischemic heart disease (IHD) burden, costs, and cost-effectiveness of a mandatory iTFA-limit (≤2% of all fats) for foods in Nigeria. Data on demographics, IHD epidemiology, and trans-fatty acid intake were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. We calculated the IHD burden attributable to iTFA by comparing the current trans-fatty acid intake to counterfactual settings with complete elimination of iTFA intake. Policy implementation costs (including government costs for legislation and monitoring, and industry costs for product reformulation), avoided IHD events and deaths, health-adjusted life years (HALYs) gained, and healthcare costs saved were estimated over 10 years …