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During listening to music, the brain expects specific acoustic events based on learned musical rules. During music performance expectancy is additionally created based on motor action by linking keypresses to their sounds. We investigated EEG (Electroencephalography) signals to auditory expectancy violations in piano performance and perception. In our study, pianists experienced manipulations of different acoustic features, such as pitch and loudness, during playing and listening to piano sequences. We found that manipulations during performance elicited deflections with stronger amplitudes compared to manipulations during perception indicating that the action of producing sounds strengthens auditory expectancy. Loudness manipulations, violating musical regularity, elicited deflections with smaller latencies compared to pitch manipulations, which violate harmonic expectancy, suggesting that the brain …