作者
C Mark Eakin, Jessica A Morgan, Scott F Heron, Tyler B Smith, Gang Liu, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Bart Baca, Erich Bartels, Carolina Bastidas, Claude Bouchon, Marilyn Brandt, Andrew W Bruckner, Lucy Bunkley-Williams, Andrew Cameron, Billy D Causey, Mark Chiappone, Tyler RL Christensen, M James C Crabbe, Owen Day, Elena de la Guardia, Guillermo Díaz-Pulido, Daniel DiResta, Diego L Gil-Agudelo, David S Gilliam, Robert N Ginsburg, Shannon Gore, Héctor M Guzmán, James C Hendee, Edwin A Hernández-Delgado, Ellen Husain, Christopher FG Jeffrey, Ross J Jones, Eric Jordán-Dahlgren, Les S Kaufman, David I Kline, Philip A Kramer, Judith C Lang, Diego Lirman, Jennie Mallela, Carrie Manfrino, Jean-Philippe Maréchal, Ken Marks, Jennifer Mihaly, W Jeff Miller, Erich M Mueller, Erinn M Muller, Carlos A Orozco Toro, Hazel A Oxenford, Daniel Ponce-Taylor, Norman Quinn, Kim B Ritchie, Sebastián Rodríguez, Alberto Rodríguez Ramírez, Sandra Romano, Jameal F Samhouri, Juan A Sánchez, George P Schmahl, Burton V Shank, William J Skirving, Sascha CC Steiner, Estrella Villamizar, Sheila M Walsh, Cory Walter, Ernesto Weil, Ernest H Williams, Kimberly Woody Roberson, Yusri Yusuf
发表日期
2010/11/15
期刊
PloS one
卷号
5
期号
11
页码范围
e13969
出版商
Public Library of Science
简介
Background
The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles.
Conclusions/Significance
Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and …
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CM Eakin, JA Morgan, SF Heron, TB Smith, G Liu… - PloS one, 2010
