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We aimed to examine the association between adherence to plant-based diets (PBDs) and the risk of mortality among the general population. Relevant investigations were identified through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Data were pooled using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model. Twelve prospective cohort studies with 42,697 deaths among 508,861 participants were included. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest compared to the lowest category of adherence to the PBDs were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82, 0.99; I² = 91%, n = 12) for all-cause and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.86; I² = 36%, n = 8) for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. Among PBDs subtypes, there was an inverse association between healthy plant-based 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; I² = 0%, n = 2), Pesco-vegetarian 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.92; I² = 0%, n = 2), and Pro-vegetarian 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.88 …