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Land spreading of olive mill wastewater (OMW) has been proposed as a useful means for its disposal. However, there is no information regarding the impact of OMW soil applications on the structure of bacterial communities. Two soils, a loamy sand (LS) and a sandy loam (SL), were irrigated weekly with aqueous solutions of 2 and 4% of OMW for a period of 49 days. Fluctuations in key soil physical, chemical and biological properties were measured during the irrigation period. Structural changes in functional bacterial guilds such as actinobacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were determined by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cloning and sequencing. OMW application caused a drastic reduction in mineral-N in both soils indicating net N immobilization. An increase in soil electrical conductivity and a late peak in soil respiration and phenolics were observed only in the LS soil …