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Many studies indicate that women live longer than men but report more physical illness. This report is the first prospective study of sex ratios for morbidity and mortality due to a variety of causes in a single cohort a random sample of 5,239 adults, aged 30 years or older in 1965, who have been followed thraugh 1983 (19 years) by cause and age. For both cancer incidence and mortality there was a female excess before age 50 years, followed by a male excess peaking between ages 60 and 69 years. Sex ratios for ischemic heart disease mortality, on the other hand, indicated a male excess at virhrully all ages, and that these sex ratios declined with age. However, three measures of heart disease morbidity (selfreported chest pain, heart trouble, and high blood pressure) demonstrated a female excess that did not vary by age. All four measures of functional disabiltty (impaired selfcare, impaired mobility, cessation …