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Neuroimaging studies implicate the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in a wide range of emotional and cognitive functions, and changes in activity within vmPFC have been linked to the aetiology and successful treatment of depression. However, this is a large, structurally heterogeneous region and the extent to which this structural heterogeneity reflects functional heterogeneity remains unclear. Causal studies in animals should help address this question but attempts to map findings from vmPFC studies in rodents onto human imaging studies highlight cross‐species discrepancies between structural homology and functional analogy. Bridging this gap, recent studies in marmosets – a species of new world monkey in which the overall organization of vmPFC is more like humans than that of rodents – have revealed that over‐activation of the caudal subcallosal region of vmPFC, area 25, but not neighbouring …