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Twelve novel chalcone derivatives were prepared using the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction. The reaction of 4‐acetyl‐5‐furan/thiophene‐pyrazole derivatives 5 with the corresponding aldehydes 6 afforded the targeted chalcone derivatives 7a–l in good yields. The newly synthesized chalcones were fully characterized by spectrometric and elemental analyses. The in vitro anticancer activities of the novel compounds 7a–l were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF7 (human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung carcinoma), and BJ1 (normal skin fibroblasts). Compound 7g emerged as the most promising compound, with IC₅₀ = 27.7 µg/ml against A549 cells compared to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC₅₀ = 28.3 µg/ml), and IC₅₀ = 26.6 µg/ml against HepG2 cells compared to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC₅₀ = 21.6 µg …