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Deep high-altitude mountain lakes can act as a natural laboratory, and have the potential to contribute ecological data for understanding the way natural climate and anthropogenic changes that can affect the ecosystems. We present a multi-proxy record from a sediment core from such a lake (Lake Lugu) in southwest China with emphasis on the changes in the testate amoebae community, along with sedimentological data (magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon/TOC and total nitrogen/TN) over the last 2500 years. In total, 29 testate amoebae species belonging to eight genera (Arcella, Centropyxis, Cyphoderia, Difflugia, Netzelia, Phryganella, Pseudodifflugia and Zivkovicia) were identified. Three stages were clearly defined for the lake based on testate amoebae community. The first stage dated to about 500 BCE–800 CE, with the testate amoebae community dominated by Centropyxis and influenced by soil …