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Arabidopsis IRX10 and IRX10‐LIKE (IRX10‐L) proteins are closely related members of the GT47 glycosyltransferase family. Single gene knock‐outs of IRX10 or IRX10‐L result in plants with either a weak or no mutant phenotype. However irx10 irx10‐L double mutants are severely affected in their development, with a reduced rosette size and infrequent formation of a small infertile inflorescence. Plants homozygous for irx10 and heterozygous for irx10‐L have an intermediate phenotype exhibiting a short inflorescence compared with the wild type, and an almost complete loss of fertility. Stem sections of the irx10 homozygous irx10‐L heterozygous or irx10 irx10‐L double mutants show decreased secondary cell‐wall formation. NMR analysis shows that signals derived from the reducing end structure of glucuronoxylan were detected in the irx10 single mutant, and in the irx10 homozygous irx10‐L heterozygous …