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Genetic variation in the ability to recruit and activate peritoneal macrophages was examined in seven partially developed 15I₅-B congenic White Leghorn chicken lines. While the ability to generate peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) was similar in all lines, major differences were observed in the numbers, composition, and functional activity of harvestable peritoneal adherent cell populations. In response to a general stimulant, Sephadex, lines .7-2 and .6-2 produced the greatest numbers of adherent peritoneal cells while lines .C-12 and .15I-5 were among the poorest responders. Macrophage percentage of adherent PECs varied between lines. 15I₅ chickens produced a consistently high percentage of adherent macrophages while .6-2 birds exhibited the lowest macrophage percentage at all ages examined. Phagocytosis was used as one measure of the level of macrophage activation and similar results were …