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In 2000, a landmark study showed that women who graduated from U.S. medical schools from 1979 through 1997 were less likely than their male counterparts to be promoted to upper faculty ranks in academic medical centers. It is unclear whether these differences persist.

We merged data from the Association of American Medical Colleges on all medical school graduates from 1979 through 2013 with faculty data through 2018, and we compared the percentages of women who would be expected to be promoted on the basis of the proportion of women in the graduating class with the actual percentages of women who were promoted. We calculated Kaplan–Meier curves and used adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models to examine the differences between the early cohorts (1979–1997) and the late cohorts (1998–2013).

The sample included 559,098 graduates from 134 U.S …