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Background: Observational evidence suggests that having been breastfed in infancy may reduce the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in later life.

Objective: The objective was to examine the influence of initial breastfeeding on type 2 diabetes and blood glucose and insulin concentrations.

Design: A systematic review of published studies identified 1010 reports; 23 examined the relation between infant feeding and type 2 diabetes in later life or risk factors for diabetes. Risk factors in infants were examined separately from those in children and adults. All estimates were pooled by using fixed-effect models; differences <0 and ratios <1 imply a beneficial effect of breastfeeding.

Results: Subjects who were breastfed had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in later life than did those who were formula fed (7 studies; 76 744 subjects; odds ratio: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.85; P = 0.003). Children and adults without diabetes who had been …