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The fluvial transport and storage of sediments within channel–floodplain systems can act as important sinks of sediments. In this study, we document the role of an Amazonian floodplain (Curuaí) for sediment storage. Located on the right bank of the Amazon River, 900km upstream of the mouth, the complex system contains more than 30 interconnected lakes linked to the mainstream by permanent and temporary channels. With an open-water area varying between 600km² and 2500km², it represents ∼13% of the total flooded area of the Amazon River, between Manaus and Óbidos. For the period 2000–2003, daily liquid and solid fluxes exchanged between the floodplain system and the Amazon River were determined using an hydrological model based on a network of gauging, meteorological and sediment monitoring stations and satellite data including radar altimetry data. Sediment accumulation occurs during …