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Observation of trends in physical education plays an integral role in motor-development diagnostics and in encouraging physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to elucidate the current state of and trends in pupils’ assessments of physical education lessons (PELs) in different education systems in the context of self-perception of physical fitness. The research was conducted during PELs taught by student teachers at primary schools and high schools in the Czech Republic and in Poland. Schools were selected annually between 2000 and 2011 according to the student teachers’ places of residence. In total, the research involved 25,988 Czech pupils and 21,205 Polish pupils. At the end of each PEL, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed. The Czech and Polish versions contained cognitive, emotional, health, social, attitudinal, and creative dimensions and the supplementary dimension “pupil’s …