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Objective: To review the literature regarding inadequate growth (“thin”) of the endometrium and to present the hitherto published methods aimed to improve endometrial thickness and the consequent endometrial receptivity.

Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted for all relevant articles assessing the effect of various treatment modalities on “thin” endometrium and the consequent reproductive outcome.

Results: Several treatment modalities have been offered to patients with “thin” endometrium, including hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, hormonal manipulation by estrogen and GnRH-agonist, vasoactive measures such as aspirin, vitamin E, pentoxifylline, l-arginine or sildenafil, intra-uterine infusion of growth factor such as G-CSF and the recent application of regenerative medicine. In spite of the vast diversity of treatment, most of the options accomplish only minor change in the endometrium thickness …