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Two provocative claims about eyewitness confidence have recently been advanced in the eyewitness-identification literature:(a) suspect identifications made with high confidence are highly accurate and (b) high-confidence suspect-identification accuracy is unaffected by variations in memory strength. Several recent publications have reiterated these claims in spite of providing weak or no support. We present four criteria that can be used to evaluate the empirical support for these claims. Regarding the claim that high confidence implies high accuracy, it is necessary to consider whether (a) high-confidence suspect identifications are in fact highly accurate and (b) high-confidence suspect-identification accuracy is dependent on the assumption of a perfectly fair lineup. Results of a base-rate analysis show that lowering the threshold for the claim that high confidence implies high accuracy undermines the claim …