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Cheung JT-M, Zhang M. A 3-dimensional finite element model of the human foot and ankle for insole design.

To investigate the effect of material stiffness of flat and custom-molded insoles on plantar pressures and stress distribution in the bony and ligamentous structures during balanced standing.

A 3-dimensional (3-D) finite element model of the human ankle-foot complex and a custom-molded insole were developed from 3-D reconstruction of magnetic resonance images and surface digitization. The distal tibia and fibula, together with 26 foot bones and 72 major ligaments and the plantar fascia, were embedded in a volume of soft tissues.

Computational laboratory in a rehabilitation engineering center.

A healthy man in his mid twenties (weight, 70kg).

Not applicable.

Foot-support interfacial pressure, von Mises stress …