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To evaluate the ability of 100/Sn140 kV (Sn, tin filter) dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to differentiate urinary stone types in a patient cohort with a wide range of body sizes.

Eighty human urinary stones were categorised into four groups (uric acid; cystine; struvite, oxalate and brushite together; and apatite) and imaged in 30–50-cm-wide water tanks using clinical 100/Sn140 kV protocols. The CT number ratio (CTR) between the low- and high-energy images was calculated. Thresholds for differentiating between stone groups were determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Additionally, 86 stones from 66 patients were characterised using the size-adaptive CTR thresholds determined in the phantom study.

In phantoms, the area under the ROC curve for …