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The cellulose acetate (CA)/poly (ε-caprolactone diol)/poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol-polyurethane (PCL-Diol/PTMG-PU)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite nanofibers were prepared via two-nozzle electrospinning on both counter sides of the collector. The performance of synthesized composite nanofibers was investigated as an environmental application and anticancer delivery system for the adsorption/release of doxorubicin (DOX). The synergic effect of MWCNTs and DOX incorporated into the nanofibers was investigated against LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The status of MWCNTs and DOX in composite nanofibers was demonstrated by SEM, FTIR and UV–vis determinations. The adsorption tests using nanofibrous adsorbent toward DOX sorption was evaluated under various DOX initial concentrations (100–2000 mg l− 1), adsorption times (5–120 min), and pH values (pH: 2–9). Due to …