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Defining optimal antibiotic dosing for treatment of lung infections is challenging because of the interrelationship between patient characteristics (eg, pathophysiological changes of lung during an infection, albumin level, renal function), antibiotic characteristics (eg, physicochemical properties, protein binding), and bacterial pathogen susceptibility. Measurement of antibiotic concentration in the lung compartments, such as epithelial lining fluid (ELF), is important to describe the drug exposure at site of infection. This article reviews published data on antibiotic penetration described by the ELF to plasma (ELF: plasma) ratios and the probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) attainment at the target site with current dosing regimens to outline dosing strategies that could optimize the PK/PD indices. Antibiotic physicochemical properties could be used to predict the extent of penetration into the lung tissues …