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Several million patients worldwide live with cancer. 1, 2 Possible outcomes are complete cancer eradication; cancer control using chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or both; and palliative treatments that may both prolong life and increase quality of life. 3 All patients with cancer are at a high risk for pulmonary disease due to infections, infiltration by malignant cells, or treatment toxicities. 4 Severe respiratory episodes, usually with acute respiratory failure, affect up to 40% of patients with cancer. 5