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A bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the MeOH extract from the twigs of Lindera glauca (SIEB. et ZUCC.) BLUME resulted in the isolation and identification of six lignans (1–6) including three new lignan derivatives, named linderuca A (1), B (2), and C (3). The structures of the new compounds (1–3) were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including two dimensional NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy studies. The cytotoxic activities of the isolates (1–6) were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on human tumor cell lines. Compounds 1–5 showed antiproliferative activities against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines with IC 50 values of 7.79–29.42 µM. Based on the understanding that inflammation is a crucial cause of tumor progression, we also investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates (1–6) in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine microglia BV-2 cell line by measuring nitric oxide (NO) levels. The new lignans (1–3) significantly inhibited NO production with IC 50 values of 12.10, 9.48, and 9.87 µM, respectively, without cytotoxicity.