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Five lignan glycosides, seven megastigmane glycosides, and seven phenolic compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography from the MeOH extract of Salsola komarovii. Their structures were determined to be lariciresinol-9-O--$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (1), alangilignoside C (2), conicaoside (3),(+)-lyoniresinol 9'-O--$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (4),(8S, 8'R, 7'R)-9'-[(-glucopyranosyl) oxy] lyoniresinol (5), blumenyl B -$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (6), blumenyl A -$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (7), staphylionoside D (8), icariside (9),(6R, 9S)-3-oxo--ionol -$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (10), 3-oxo--ionol 9-O--$\small {D} $-apiofuranosyl-()--$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (11), blumenol B 9-O--$\small {D} $-apiofuranosyl-()--$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (12), benzyl 6-O--$\small {D} $-apiofuranosyl--$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (13), canthoside C (14), tachioside (15), isotachioside (16), biophenol 2 (17), 2-(3, 4-dihydroxy)-phenyl-ethyl--$\small {D} $-glucopyranoside (18), and cuneataside C (19) by spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds 1-19 were reported from this source for the first time. Compounds 2, 3 and 6 upregulated NGF secretion to $118.8 {\pm} 3.6% $, $128.2 {\pm} 9.3% $ and $111.1 {\pm} 7.1% $ without significant cell toxicity.