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Objectives: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in younger patients has historically a favourable prognosis. bcl-2 and p53 genes are implicated in cell cycle regulation with roles on programmed cell death. Presence of nuclear accumulation of p53 and cytoplasmic accumulation of bcl-2 were proposed to confer a growth advantage to tumour cells. In this study, we investigated the roles of p53 and bcl-2 as prognostic factors in TCC of bladder in patients younger than 40 years. Patients and Methods: From 1986 to 1998, 25 patients younger than 40 years were treated for TCC of bladder in our hospital. Of the tumour specimens, 24 were adequate for evaluating p53 and bcl-2 oncoproteins (group I). As a control (group II), we randomly selected 30 patients older than 50 years treated for bladder cancer in this period. Two oncoproteins were detected by immunohistochemical analysis in paired …