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The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is a tropical, perennial, woody plant that is susceptible to cold stress. In China, cold stress has been found to severely damage rubber plants in plantations in past decades. Although several Hevea clones that are resistant to cold have been developed, their cold hardiness mechanism has yet to be elucidated. For the study reported herein, we subjected the cold-resistant clone CATAS93-114 and the cold-sensitive clone Reken501 to chilling stress, and characterized their transcriptomes at 0, 2, 8 and 24 h after the start of chilling. We found that 7870 genes were differentially expressed in the transcriptomes of the two clones. In CATAS93-114, a greater number of genes were found to be up- or downregulated between 2 h and 8 h than in Reken501, which indicated a more rapid and intensive response by CATAS93-114 than by Reken501. The differentially …