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Methods

Meteorological and air quality data were obtained from monitoring stations operated by the São Paulo State Environmental Protection Agency. The variables analyzed included average daily temperatures, relative humidity (%), PM< 2.5 μm (PM2. 5) concentration, and daily hospital admissions in São Paulo City during the 2011–2021 period. Hospitalization records were extracted from the public health care system and from private facilities affiliated with the public health care system. The patients investigated were diagnosed with diseases directly or indirectly linked to kidney problems, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Daily hospitalization admissions were categorized by patient age and sex. Regression analysis, employing the Generalized Additive Model in conjunction with negative binomial distribution of exponential probability, was performed in a time series. We …