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Methods

In temperature-/humidity-controlled chambers within an ambient particle concentrator, mice were exposed to a concentrated PM2. 5 stream or to high-efficiency particulate air-filtered clean air (CA). Mass concentrations of PM were measured with an airborne particulate monitor, and the target dose was 600 μg m− 3/day (equivalent to the daily exposure in São Paulo). After 12 weeks, some mice underwent bilateral 30-min clamping of the kidney hila and subsequent reperfusion. Mice were divided into 4 groups: CA; PM2. 5; CA+ I/R; and PM2. 5+ I/R. All studies were performed 48 h after I/R.

Results

Renal chemokines (Cxcl1, Ccl2, and Cxcl2) and cytokine Il1b showed increased gene expression in the PM2. 5+ I/R group, in which there was also significant activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, including phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3. The transcription of these factors was …