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Ntcheu District, rural Malawi.

1) To locate smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were identified during the first 6 months of 2000 but did not start treatment (‘lost cases’); 2) to describe these patients' pathways to diagnosis, health status and socio-demographic characteristics; and 3) to explore why these patients did not start treatment.

Lost cases were traced from programme registers and interviewed using the qualitative research critical incidents narrative (CIN) interviews technique. Results were triangulated with responses from health care workers through focus group discussions.

The laboratory registered 157 new smear-positive patients. Twenty three (15%) of these were ‘lost’ (did not appear in the treatment register). CIN interviews were conducted with five lost patients and 14 carers of lost patients who had died. Long pathways to diagnosis were the …