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The impact of longterm training on systemic and mucosal immunity was assessed prospectively in a cohort of elite swimmers over a 7month training season in preparation for national championships. The results indicated significant suppression (P < 0.05) of serum IgA. IgG and IgM and salivary IgA concentration in athletes associated with longterm training at an intensive level. There was also a trend towards lower IgG2 subclass levels in serum in athletes compared with controls (P= 0.07). There were no significant changes in numbers or percentages of B or T cell subsets, but there was a significant fall in natural killer (NK) cell numbers and percentages in athletes over the training season (P < 0.05). After individual training sessions there was a significant decrease in salivary IgA levels for athletes compared with controls (P= 0.02). In athletes there was a downward trend in salivary IgA levels over the 7month …