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Despite evidence for an association between BPD symptoms and low/unstable self-esteem (SE), no research has examined social factors that may moderate the relation between BPD symptoms and SE difficulties. One factor that may be especially relevant is social comparison orientation (SCO). Across two studies, this research examined the main and interactive effects of BPD symptoms and SCO on several SE outcomes, including trait SE, baseline state SE, and in-the-moment threat to SE following an online social interaction task. In Study 1, a university sample of young women (N = 161) completed questionnaires on BPD symptoms, SCO, and trait SE. In Study 2, a university sample of young adults (N = 108) completed questionnaires on BPD symptoms, SCO, and baseline state SE. Participants engaged in a rejection or inclusion condition of an online social interaction task and reported on in-the-moment threat …