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In recent times, carbon dots (CDs) are emerging for numerous interdisciplinary applications by modulating their inherent chemical functionality during or post-synthesis modification. The current study reports the hydrothermal synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP) passivated clove bud-derived carbon dots (PPCCDs) for multifaceted applications. The adopted technique is facile and environmentally friendly for the production of CDs with in situ PVP passivation. Physicochemical characterization of CDs is performed using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The study reveals the formation of nitrogen-doped spherical PPCCDs with an average hydrodynamic size of ∼ 4.9 nm. It is also evident that there is modulation in optical properties and quantum efficiency as a result of PVP passivation. The study further demonstrates their suitability in biological environments as observed by pH stability …