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Candida species are commensal fungal organisms as well as opportunistic pathogens of mucosal tissues. From the commensal relationship, most healthy individuals have demonstrable Candida ‐specific immunity. In immunocompromised persons, however, fungal infections caused primarily by C. albicans often occur. In HIV disease, up to 90% of HIV+ persons will have a symptomatic episode of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) sometime during progression to AIDS, many of which become recurrent. In contrast, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and systemic Candida infections (candidaemia) are much less common during HIV disease, indicating the diversity and compartmentalization of the host response to Candida . Both innate resistance and acquired immunity play some role in maintaining C. albicans in the commensal state and protecting the …