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Renewables are clean but intermittent resources, whereas nonrenewables are cheaper and reliable but polluting resources. Optimally combining renewables─solar PV modules, wind turbines, and fuel cells─with traditional nonrenewables─coal and power from the grid―in a renewables-integrated energy system (RIES) can provide sustainable power for meeting the growing energy needs. However, such RIES optimization is a complex problem owing to the presence of multiple objectives, dynamic variations in load, and intermittency of renewables. Therefore, we propose a novel sustainability framework that optimizes the combination of different resources in RIES to obtain the best trade-off between cost of electricity, cost to society accounted for mortalities from emissions, and cost to ecosystems accounted for land use, water use, and CO₂ emissions. The optimized RIES satisfying hourly load profile at three …