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Natural killer (NK) cells have distinctive functional capacities that are likely to contribute both to innate and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) and their ligands, i.e. human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules contribute partly in regulation of NK cell activity. In this study, the impact of compound KIR/HLA genotype on susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been evaluated in Iranian individuals. A total of 107 TB patients and 100 matched healthy controls were genotyped for 17 KIR genes and their three major HLA class I ligand groups (‐C1, ‐C2 and ‐Bw4: ‐B Bw4^Ile80, ‐B Bw4^Thr80 and ‐A Bw4) by a polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific primers assay. Various analyses including distribution of KIR and HLA ligand genes and genotypes, frequency of inhibitory and activating KIR+HLA combinations and compound genotype status …