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The incidence of stunting and delays in cognitive abilities is a problem that still occurs in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics and subject characteristics on cognitive abilities in preschool children in the city of Bogor. This study uses a case-control design on some of the data from the Child Development Cohort (TKA) study located in the city of Bogor. The case group is preschool children with delayed cognitive development and the control group is preschool children with normal cognitive development. The number of subjects in this study was 84 children, consisting of 42 children in the case group and 42 children in the control group. The variables analyzed included family characteristics (parental education, parental occupation, and family size), subject characteristics (gender, anthropometry at birth, nutritional status at birth), health status, and the parenting environment, and children's cognitive development. The results of the analysis show that the increase in height of children 0-4 years has an effect on the cognitive development of preschool children. Children with height gain that is not in accordance with WHO standards are at risk of 4.1 times experiencing delayed cognitive development. In an effort to increase the growth and cognitive development of children, access to education and the provision of a good nurturing environment must be increased. Fulfilling the nutritional needs of preschool children that are appropriate so that children's height growth is optimal and providing good psychosocial parenting can optimize their cognitive development. In addition, the provision of stimulation according to the child's …