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Binary Mg–Ca alloys with various Ca contents were fabricated under different working conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and optical microscopy observations showed that Mg–xCa (x=1–3 wt%) alloys were composed of two phases, α(Mg) and Mg₂Ca. The results of tensile tests and in vitro corrosion tests indicated that the mechanical properties could be adjusted by controlling the Ca content and processing treatment. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation decreased with increasing Ca content. The UTS and elongation of as-cast Mg–1Ca alloy (71.38±3.01MPa and 1.87±0.14%) were largely improved after hot rolling (166.7±3.01MPa and 3±0.78%) and hot extrusion (239.63±7.21MPa and 10.63±0.64%). The in vitro corrosion test in simulated body fluid (SBF) indicated that the microstructure and working history of Mg–xCa alloys strongly affected their corrosion behaviors. An …